About Jesus - Steve (Stephen) Sweetman

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Proof Texting    

 

Proof texting is the process whereby we use one specific Bible verse to formulate a universal Biblical doctrine.  1 Timothy 2:12 is one example.   

 

"I do not permit a woman to teach or to assume authority over a man; she must be quiet,"      

 

Over the years this verse has been ripped out of its historic and cultural context to promote a universal doctrine stating that women are not permitted to teach in church.  This proof texting practice totally obscures Paul's point.  We must ask to whom was Paul writing and why might he have written what he did?

 

Paul's letters were written to specific churches or people in specific geographical regions in response to specific concerns.  So, to understand Paul correctly, we need to do some historical and cultural digging. 

 

1 Timothy 1:1 to 3 tells us that Paul wrote this letter to Timothy who was instructing the church at Ephesus.  Understanding some history and culture of Ephesus will help us understand Paul's thoughts on women teachers in church which I believe is not relevant for us today.

 

First-century, Greco/Roman people worshipped multiple gods and goddesses.  The goddess Cybele, known as "the Mother of gods" was a prominent goddess in Ephesus .  Her followers believed that women must dominate men because they were created before men.  Men who worshipped her lived as much as they could as a woman, which included being castrated.  In today's terminology, they were "trans."  Some men committed suicide as an act of supreme reverence to her.  Modern scholarship has learned that there appeared to be women in the Ephesian church who were heavily influenced by Cybele doctrine, including women dominating men since they were created first.  It's why Paul wrote that "Adam was formed first, then Eve," as seen in verse 13.

 

I believe, as others do, that Paul, in 1 Timothy 2:12 was addressing this Cybele influence among women in the Ephesus church.  In short, Paul instructed Timothy to not allow these women to teach their heresy.  Paul wasn't making a universal decree that all women in all churches for all time were not permitted to teach.  If that was the case he would not have let a woman named Phoebe deliver his letter to the Roman church (Romans 16:1).  She would have read the letter to the Roman Christians, discussed its contents and answered any question.  Paul also respected a woman named Priscilla who appears to have had a teaching ministry (Acts 16:3).  

 

Taking one Bible verse out of its literary, historic, and cultural context and making a universal doctrine that applies to us all is bad Biblical interpretation.  It leads to a misunderstanding and misapplication of the text.                                   

       

I conclude that we must never teach a Biblical doctrine based on one verse.  We must realize that the Bible was not originally written directly to us, and so we must extract its original meaning and see how it can apply to our specific situation.  We should avoid being overly dogmatic since most of us lack the needed background information that provides a clear understanding of the text.  We should be willing to consider the literary, historic, cultural, and linguistic context of any verse.  So, as good disciples, we learn from those more knowledgeable than us.  The church must produce credible teachers with doctrinal discernment.  We must be willing to move beyond our doctrinal traditions and embrace what modern scholarship has unearthed for us. 

 

Due to today's scholarly advancements and technology at our finger tips we should be the most Biblically literate Christians ever, but we're not.  May we allow the Holy Spirit to give us a love for His Word.

 

Scriptural Passages

 

1 Timothy 1:1 - 3

 

"Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus ... To Timothy ... As I urged you when I went into Macedonia , stay there in Ephesus ..."

 

Romans 16:1

 

"I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a deacon of the church in Cenchreae."

 

Acts  16:3

 

"Greet Priscilla and Aquila , my co-workers in Christ Jesus."

 

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